Introduction of Thermodynamics.

In this post we will discuss about thermodynamics. so let's start.

Thermodynamics is the branch of science which deals with the transformation of energy of all kinds from one form to another form and we can also say that it is mainly the study of heat and work effect.

In the study of thermodynamics we read, basically four laws : the zeroth, the first, the second, the third law of thermodynamics. The laws of thermodynamics apply to the matter in bulk and not to individual atoms or molecules.these laws are based on a large number of experimental observation  and logical reasoning like all physical laws(Boyles, charles, etc). The laws of thermodynamics have no mathematical proof and have not so far violated.

So, why do we study thermodynamics? or what is the utility of this subject?
  Basically thermodynamics tells us whether a given process(including chemical reaction) is possible or not, under a given set of condition (e.g. temperature, pressure, etc).It provides information regarding how far a given process may proceed and the degree to which the energy present in a system can be utilized to cause a given process to occur.

But the limitations of thermodynamics is that it doesn't tell anything about the rate at which a given process will take place or proceed.
Application of thermodynamics;     
         following all devices work on principales of thermodynamics which we will  discuss ahead:-
          Automotive engines, Turbines, Compressors, Pumps, Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants, Propulsion systems for the Aircrafts, Separation and Liquefication Plant, Refrigeration, Air-conditioning and Heating Devices, etc.

Now we will read basic concepts of thermodynamics which we will be help ahead.
      1. FORCE
                According to Newton's law of motion, the force is directly proportional to the product of mass and acceleration.
              F is directly proportional to  "m" and "a".  
              F=kma
F is force, and unit is N(Newton).
k is proportionality constant.
m is mass in kg.
a is acceleration in square meter per second.
           1N =1(kg.m)/square meter.
Pressure: It is defined as the force exerted by fluid on the unit area of the surface.
  The unit of pressure is Newton per square meter Or Pascal.
      1atm= 760mm Hg at 0 degree celcius.
                = 101.325 kPa. Or 102325 N/square meter.

The pressure below the atmospheric pressure is expressed by torr (in the honour of the scientist Torricelli).
1atm = 760 torr.

Volume: It is the space occupied by any working substance in a thermodynamic process.
The S.I. unit of volume is cubic meter.

System or thermodynamic system: a definite region in space or a fixed qunatity of matter under consideration fro its thermodynamic study is known as a Thermodynamic system.

Surrounding: except system or thermodynamic system is called surrounding.
Boundary:  An envelope the system is known as boundary of the system.
Universe: the combination of system and surrounding called universe.